Naphthalene cationic coupler for oxidation dyeing of keratin fiber

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibers, and in particular of human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising at least one oxidation base and, as coupler, at least one 2-hydroxynaphthalene of formula (I) comprising at least one cationic group Z of formula (II), to their use as couplers for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibers, to oxidation dyeing processes using them and to novel cationic 2-hydroxynaphthalenes of formula (I′).

The invention relates to a composition for the oxidation dyeing ofkeratin fibres, and in particular of human keratin fibres such as thehair, comprising at least one oxidation base and, as coupler, at leastone 2-hydroxynaphthalene of formula (I) comprising at least one cationicgroup Z of formula (II), to their use as couplers for the oxidationdyeing of keratin fibres, to oxidation dyeing processes using them andto novel cationic 2-hydroxynaphthalenes of formula (I′).

It is known practice to dye keratin fibres, and in particular humanhair, with dye compositions containing oxidation dye precursors, inparticular para-phenylenediamines, ortho-aminophenols orpara-aminophenols and heterocyclic compounds such as diaminopyrazolederivatives, which are generally referred to as oxidation bases. Theoxidation dye precursors, or oxidation bases, are colourless or weaklycoloured compounds which, when combined with oxidizing products, cangive rise to coloured compounds and dyes by a process of oxidativecondensation.

It is also known that the shades obtained with these oxidation bases canbe varied by combining them with couplers or coloration modifiers, thelatter being chosen in particular from aromatic meta-diamines,meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, non-cationic naphthols or certainheterocyclic compounds such as, for example, indole couplers.

The variety of molecules used as oxidation bases and couplers makes itpossible to obtain a wide range of colours.

The so-called “permanent” coloration obtained by means of theseoxidation dyes must moreover satisfy a certain number of requirements.Thus, it must have no toxicological drawbacks and it must allow shadesof the desired strength to be obtained and have good resistance toexternal agents (light, bad weather, washing, permanent-waving,perspiration and friction).

The dyes must also allow white hairs to be covered, and, lastly, theymust be as unselective as possible, i.e. they must allow the smallestpossible differences in coloration to be produced over the entire lengthof the same keratin fibre, which may indeed be differently sensitized(i.e. damaged) between its tip and its root.

Now, the Applicant has just discovered, entirely surprisingly andunexpectedly, that novel cationic 2-hydroxynaphthalenes of formula (I)defined below, comprising at least one cationic group Z, Z being chosenfrom quaternized aliphatic chains, aliphatic chains comprising at leastone quaternized saturated ring and aliphatic chains comprising at leastone quaternized unsaturated ring, are not only suitable for use ascouplers for oxidation dyeing, but also allow dye compositions to beobtained which lead to strong colorations, in a wide range of shades,and which have excellent properties of resistance to the varioustreatments to which keratin fibres may be subjected.

These discoveries form the basis of the present invention.

A first subject of the invention is thus a composition for the oxidationdyeing of keratin fibres, and in particular of human keratin fibres suchas the hair, characterized in that it contains, in a medium which issuitable for dyeing:

at least one oxidation base, and

at least one coupler chosen from the compounds of formula (I) below, andthe addition salts thereof with an acid:

 in which:

R₁, R₂ and R₃, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogenatom; a halogen atom; a group Z as defined below; a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylradical; an amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl radical; anN—Z-amino(C₁-C6)alkylcarbonyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl radical; anamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; acarboxyl radical; a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl radical; a C₁-C₆alkylsulphonylradical; an aminosulphonyl radical; an N—Z-aminosulphonyl radical; aC₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulphonyl radical; an N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulphonylradical; a C₁-C₆aminosulphonylalkyl radical; aC₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulphonylalkyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulphonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulphonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a carbamylradical; an N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl radical; a carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆alkyl radical; aC₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical; a C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl radical; acyano radical; a group OR₄ or SR₄; an amino group protected with a(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, N—(C₁-C₆) alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl,carbamyl, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl,C₁-C₆alkylsulphonyl, aminosulphonyl, N—Z-aminosulphonyl,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulphonyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulphonyl,thiocarbamyl or formyl radical, or with a group Z as defined below inwhich the linker arm D contains a ketone function directly linked to thenitrogen atom of the said amino group; a C₁-C₆aminoalkyl radical inwhich the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or morehydroxyl radicals; an amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical in which the alkyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals and inwhich the amine is substituted with one or two identical or differentradicals chosen from alkyl, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, carbamyl,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulphonyl, formyl, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl and thiocarbamyl radicals, or from the groups Z asdefined below, or which can form, together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are attached, a 5- or 6-membered carbon-based ring or a ringcontaining one or more hetero atoms;

R₄ denotes a C₁-C₆alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical; aC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical; a group Z as defined below; a(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; an aryl radical; a benzyl radical; acarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical;a cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylradical; a C₁-C₆aminosulphonylalkyl radical; aC₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulphonylalkyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulphonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulphonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkylsulphinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkylsulphonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆aminoalkyl radical inwhich the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or morehydroxyl radicals; a C₁-C₆ aminoalkyl radical in which the alkyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals and inwhich the amine is substituted with one or two identical or differentradicals chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, formyl,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl, carbamyl,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl, thiocarbamyl andC₁-C₆alkylsulphonyl radicals or from the groups Z as defined below; orwhich can form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached, a 5- or 6-membered carbon-based ring or a ring containing oneor more hetero atoms;

Z is chosen from the unsaturated cationic groups of formulae (II) and(III) below, and the saturated cationic groups of formula (IV) below:

 in which:

D is a linker arm which represents a linear or branched alkyl chainpreferably containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, which can beinterrupted by one or more hetero atoms such as oxygen, sulphur ornitrogen atoms, and which can be substituted with one or more hydroxylor C₁-C₆alkoxy radicals, and which can bear one or more ketonefunctions;

the ring members E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,represent a carbon, oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atom;

n is an integer between 0 and 4 inclusive;

m is an integer between 0 and 5 inclusive;

the radicals R, which may be identical or different, represent a secondgroup Z which is identical to or different from the first group Z, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl radical, a C₁-C₆alkyl radical, aC₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a nitroradical, a cyano radical, a cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, a C₁-C₆alkoxyradical, a tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, an amido radical,an aldehydo radical, a carboxyl radical, a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl radical,a thio radical, a C₁-C₆thioalkyl radical, a C₁-C₆alkylthio radical, anamino radical, an amino radical protected with a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl,carbamyl or C₁-C₆alkylsulphonyl radical; a group NHR″ or NR″R′″ in whichR″ and R′″, which may be identical or different, represent a C₁-C₆alkylradical, a C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical or a C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkylradical;

R₅ represents a C₁-C₆alkyl radical, a C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical, aC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, atri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkylradical, a carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, a(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, a benzyl radical or a secondgroup Z which is identical to or different from the first group Z;

R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, represent aC₁-C₆alkyl radical, a C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical, aC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, acyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, an aryl radical, a benzyl radical, aC₁-C₆amidoalkyl radical, a tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical ora C₁-C₆aminoalkyl radical in which the amine is protected with a(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, carbamyl or C₁-C₆alkylsulphonyl radical; two ofthe radicals R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with the nitrogenatom to which they are attached, a saturated 5- or 6-memberedcarbon-based ring or a ring containing one or more hetero atoms such as,for example, a pyrrolidine ring, a piperidine ring, a piperazine ring ora morpholine ring, it being possible for the said ring to beunsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl radical, aC₁-C₆alkyl radical, a C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical, aC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a nitro radical, a cyano radical, acyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, a C₁-C₆alkoxy radical, atri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, an amido radical, an aldehydoradical, a carboxyl radical, a keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical, a thio radical,a C₁-C₆thioalkyl radical, a C₁-C₆alkylthio radical, an amino radical oran amino radical protected with a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, carbamyl orC₁-C₆alkylsulphonyl radical; one of the radicals R₆, R₇ and R₈ can alsorepresent a second group Z which is identical to or different from thefirst group Z;

R₉ represents a C₁-C₆alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl radical; aC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a benzyl radical; aC₁-C₆aminoalkyl radical, a C₁-C₆aminoalkyl radical in which the amine isprotected with a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, carbamyl or C₁-C₆alkylsulphonylradical; a carboxy (C₁-C₆) alkyl radical; a cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; acarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl radical; atri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a C₁-C₆sulphonamidoalkylradical; a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkylsulphinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkylsulphonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; a(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; anN—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl radical; an N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulphonamido(C₁-C₆) alkyl radical;

a and y are integers equal to 0 or 1; with the following conditions:

 in the unsaturated cationic groups of formula (II):

when a=0, the linker arm D is attached to the nitrogen atom,

when a=1, the linker arm D is attached to one of the ring members E, G,J or L,

y can take the value 1 only:

1) when the ring members E, G, J and L simultaneously represent a carbonatom and when the radical R₅ is borne by the nitrogen atom of theunsaturated ring; or alternatively

2) when at least one of the ring members E, G, J and L represents anitrogen atom to which the radical R₅ is attached;

 in the unsaturated cationic groups of formula

when a=0, the linker arm D is attached to the nitrogen atom,

when a=1, the linker arm D is attached to one of the ring members E, G,J, L or M,

y can take the value 1 only when at least one of the ring members E, G,J, L and M represents a divalent atom and when the radical R₅ is borneby the nitrogen atom of the unsaturated ring;

 in the cationic groups of formula (IV):

when a=0, then the linker arm D is attached to the nitrogen atom bearingthe radicals R₆ to R₈,

when a=1, then two of the radicals R₆ to R₈ form, together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached, a saturated 5- or 6-memberedring as defined above, and the linker arm D is borne by a carbon atom ofthe said saturated ring;

X⁻ represents a monovalent or divalent anion and is preferably chosenfrom a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine, ahydroxide, a hydrogen sulphate or a C₁-C₆alkyl sulphate such as, forexample, a methyl sulphate or an ethyl sulphate;

 it being understood that:

the number of cationic groups Z is at least equal to 1.

As mentioned above, the colorations obtained with the oxidation dyecomposition containing the dye(s) of formula (I) in accordance with theinvention are strong and produce a wide range of shades and colours.They moreover have excellent properties of resistance to the action ofvarious external agents (light, bad weather, washing, permanent-waving,perspiration and friction). These properties are particularlynoteworthy, in particular as regards the resistance of the colorationsobtained to the action of light, washing, permanent-waving andperspiration.

In formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above, the alkyl and alkoxyradicals can be linear or branched.

Among the rings of the unsaturated groups Z of formula (II) above,mention may be made in particular, for example, of pyrrole, imidazole,pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole and triazole rings.

Among the rings of the unsaturated groups Z of formula (III) above,mention may be made in particular, for example, of pyridine, pyrimidine,pyrazine, oxazine and triazine rings.

Among the compounds of formula (I) above which may be mentioned mostparticularly are:

4-{3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iumiodide;

4-{3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iummethosulphate;

and the addition salts thereof,with an acid.

The compound(s) of formula (I) in accordance with the invention and/orthe addition salts thereof with an acid preferably represent(s) from0.0005% to 12% by weight approximately relative to the total weight ofthe dye composition, and even more preferably from 0.005% to 6% byweight approximately relative to this weight.

The nature of the oxidation base(s) which may be used in the dyecomposition in accordance with the invention is not critical. They arepreferably chosen from the oxidation bases conventionally used inoxidation dyeing and among which mention may be made in particular ofpara-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols,ortho-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases.

Among the para-phenylenediamines which can be mentioned moreparticularly, for example, are para-phenylenediamine,para-tolylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine,2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-ethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine andN-(β-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, and the addition salts thereofwith an acid.

Among the para-phenylenediamines mentioned above, the ones mostparticularly preferred are para-phenylenediamine, para-tolylenediamine,2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine and2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, and the addition saltsthereof with an acid.

Among the bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines which can be mentioned moreparticularly, for example, areN,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(0-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine and1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane, and the addition saltsthereof with an acid.

Among the para-aminophenols which can be mentioned more particularly,for example, are para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol,4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol,4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol and 4-amino-2-fluorophenol,and the addition salts thereof with an acid.

Among the ortho-aminophenols which can be mentioned more particularly,for example, are 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol,2-amino-6-methylphenol and 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and the additionsalts thereof with an acid.

Among the heterocyclic bases which can be mentioned more particularly,for example, are pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives andpyrazole derivatives.

Among the pyridine derivatives which may be mentioned more particularlyare the compounds described, for example, in patents GB 1 026 978 and GB1 153 196, such as 2,5-diaminopyridine,2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine, 2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine,2-(β-methoxyethyl)amino-3-amino-6-methoxypyridine and3,4-diaminopyridine, and the addition salts thereof with an acid.

Among the pyrimidine derivatives which may be mentioned moreparticularly are the compounds described, for example, in German patentDE 2 359 399 or Japanese patents JP 88-169 571 and JP 91-10659 or patentapplication WO 96/15765, such as 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine,4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine,2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine and 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, andpyrazolopyrimidine derivatives such as those mentioned in patentapplication FR-A-2 750 048 and among which mention may be made ofpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol;3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ol;2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamino)ethanol,2-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylamino)ethanol,2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol,2-[(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol,5,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine,2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine and2,5,N7,N7-tetramethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine, and theaddition salts thereof and the tautomeric forms thereof, when atautomeric equilibrium exists, and the addition salts thereof with anacid.

Among the pyrazole derivatives which may be mentioned more particularlyare the compounds described in patents DE 3 843 892 and DE 4 133 957 andpatent applications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2 733 749 and DE 19543 988, such as 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole,4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole,1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole,3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole,3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole and3,5-diamino-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, and the additionsalts thereof with an acid.

According to the invention, the dye compositions containing one or morepara-phenylenediamines and/or one or more heterocyclic oxidation basesare particularly preferred.

The oxidation base(s) preferably represent(s) from 0.0005% to 12% byweight approximately relative to the total weight of the dyecomposition, and even more preferably from 0.005% to 6% by weightapproximately relative to this weight.

In addition to the compound(s) of formula (I) above, the dye compositionin accordance with the invention can also include one or more additionalcouplers which can be chosen from the couplers used conventionally inoxidation dyeing and among which mention may be made in particular ofmeta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols andheterocyclic couplers such as, for example, indole derivatives, indolenederivatives, pyridine derivatives and pyrazolones, and the additionsalts thereof with an acid.

These couplers are chosen more particularly from 2-methyl-5-aminophenol,5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol,1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene,4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxy-benzene,2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene,2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene,1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, sesamol, α-naphthol,6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N-methylindole,6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine,1H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one and 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, and theaddition salts thereof with an acid.

When they are present, these additional couplers preferably representfrom 0.0001 to 10% by weight approximately relative to the total weightof the dye composition and even more preferably from 0.005 to 5% byweight approximately relative to this weight.

In general, the addition salts with an acid which can be used in thecontext of the dye compositions of the invention (compounds of formula(I), additional oxidation bases and couplers) are chosen in particularfrom the hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, citrates, succinates,tartrates, lactates and acetates.

The medium which is suitable for dyeing (or the support) generallyconsists of water or a mixture of water and at least one organic solventto dissolve the compounds which would not be sufficiently soluble inwater. As organic solvent, mention may be made, for example, of C₁-C₄lower alkanols, such as ethanol and isopropanol; glycerol; glycols andglycol ethers such as 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol, propyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether andmonomethyl ether, as well as aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol orphenoxyethanol, similar products and mixtures thereof.

The solvents can be present in proportions preferably of between 1% and40% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dyecomposition, and even more preferably between 5% and 30% by weightapproximately.

The pH of the dye composition in accordance with the invention isgenerally between 3 and 12 approximately, and preferably between 5 and11 approximately. It can be adjusted to the desired value usingacidifying or basifying agents commonly used to dye keratin fibres.

Among the acidifying agents which may be mentioned, for example, areinorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoricacid, sulphuric acid, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, tartaricacid, citric acid and lactic acid, and sulphonic acids.

Among the basifying agents which can be mentioned, for example, areaqueous ammonia, alkaline carbonates, alkanolamines such as mono-, di-and triethanolamine and derivatives thereof, sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide and the compounds of formula (V) below:

in which W is a propylene residue which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith a hydroxyl group or a C₁-C₆alkyl radical; R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃,which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, aC₁-C₆alkyl radical or a C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl radical.

The oxidation dye compositions in accordance with the invention can alsoinclude at least one direct dye, in particular in order to modify theshades or to enrich them with glints.

The dye composition in accordance with the invention can also containvarious adjuvants conventionally used in compositions for dyeing thehair, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionicsurfactants or mixtures thereof, anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphotericor zwitterionic polymers or mixtures thereof, inorganic or organicthickeners, antioxidants, penetration agents, sequestering agents,fragrances, buffers, dispersing agents, packaging agents such as, forexample, silicones, which may or may not be volatile or modified,film-forming agents, ceramides, preserving agents and opacifiers.

Needless to say, a person skilled in the art will take care to selectthis or these optional additional compounds such that the advantageousproperties intrinsically associated with the oxidation dye compositionin accordance with the invention are not, or are not substantially,adversely affected by the addition(s) envisaged.

The dye composition according to the invention can be in various forms,such as in the form of liquids, creams or gels or in any other formwhich is suitable for dyeing keratin fibres, and in particular humanhair.

The invention also relates to a process for the oxidation dyeing ofkeratin fibres, and in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair,using the dye composition as defined above.

According to this process, at least one dye composition as defined aboveis applied to the fibres, the colour being developed at acidic, neutralor alkaline pH using an oxidizing agent which is added to the dyecomposition just at the time of use, or which is present in an oxidizingcomposition applied simultaneously or sequentially.

According to one preferred embodiment of the dyeing process of theinvention, the dye composition described above is preferably mixed, atthe time of use, with an oxidizing composition containing, in a mediumwhich is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent present in anamount which is sufficient to develop a coloration. The mixture obtainedis then applied to the keratin fibres and is left in place for 3 to 50minutes approximately, preferably 5 to 30 minutes approximately, afterwhich the fibres are rinsed, washed with shampoo, rinsed again anddried.

The oxidizing agent can be chosen from the oxidizing agentsconventionally used for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibres, andamong which mention may be made of hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide,alkali metal bromates and persalts such as perborates and persulphates,and enzymes such as peroxidases, laccases, tyrosinases andoxidoreductases among which mention may be made in particular ofpyranose oxidases, glucose oxidases, glycerol oxidases, lactateoxidases, pyruvate oxidases and uricases.

The pH of the oxidizing composition containing the oxidizing agent asdefined above is such that, after mixing with the dye composition, thepH of the resultant composition applied to the keratin fibres preferablyvaries between 3 and 12 approximately, and even more preferably between5 and 11. It is adjusted to the desired value using acidifying orbasifying agents commonly used to dye keratin fibres and as definedabove.

The oxidizing composition as defined above can also contain variousadjuvants conventionally used in compositions for dyeing the hair and asdefined above.

The composition which is finally applied to the keratin fibres can be invarious forms, such as in the form of liquids, creams, gels or any otherform which is suitable for dyeing keratin fibres, and in particularhuman hair.

Another subject of the invention is a multi-compartment dyeing device or“kit” or any other multi-compartment packaging system, a firstcompartment of which contains the dye composition as defined above and asecond compartment of which contains the oxidizing composition asdefined above. These devices can be equipped with a means for deliveringthe desired mixture onto the hair, such as the devices described inpatent FR-2 586 913 in the name of the Applicant.

Certain compounds of formula (I) are novel per se and in this respectconstitute another subject of the invention. These novel compounds, aswell as the addition salts thereof with an acid, correspond to formula(I′) below:

in which R′₁, R′₂ and R′₃ can take the same meanings as those indicatedabove for R₁, R₂ and R₃; it being understood that when two of theradicals R′₁ to R′₃ simultaneously represent a hydrogen atom, and whenthe other radical R′₁ to R′₃ represents a radical containing an amido orcarboxyl function, then the said amido or carboxyl function is notdirectly attached to the naphthol ring system; and with the exclusionof:

6-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-naphthalenemethanaminium chloride; and

[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methyl]trimethylammonium iodide.

The addition salts with an acid of the compounds of formula (I′) can bechosen from the hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, citrates,succinates, tartrates, lactates and acetates.

The compounds of formula (I′) in accordance with the invention canreadily be obtained according to methods that are well known in theprior art for producing quaternized amines, for example:

in one step, by condensation of a compound comprising a haloalkylradical with a compound bearing a tertiary amine radical, or bycondensation of a compound bearing a tertiary amine radical with acompound bearing a haloalkyl radical;

or in two steps, by condensation of a compound bearing a haloalkylradical with a compound bearing a secondary amine, or by condensation ofan acid chloride with an alkylamine which is disubstituted on the aminogroup, followed by quaternization with an alkylating agent.

When the synthesis is complete, the compounds of formula (I′) inaccordance with the invention can, if necessary, be recovered by methodsthat are well known in the prior art, such as crystallization ordistillation.

Finally, a subject of the invention is the use of the compounds offormula (I′) as couplers for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibres, andin particular of human keratin fibres such as the hair.

The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the inventionwithout thereby limiting its scope.

PREPARATION EXAMPLES Preparation Example 1 Synthesis of4-{3-[(3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iumIodide

6.2 g of methyl iodide were added dropwise at 80° C. to a solution of12.6 g of 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amide (RN 10155-47-2) in 60 ml of chlorobenzene.After refluxing for 4 hours, the suspension was cooled, filtered on asinter funnel and spin-filtered. The white precipitate was washed with20 ml of chlorobenzene and then with 20 ml of petroleum ether. Theprecipitate was then dried under vacuum. 12.5 g of a white solid of4-{3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iumiodide were obtained in a yield of 69%, melting at a temperature above260° C. (Kofler) and the elemental analysis of which, calculated forC₁₉H₂₅N₂O₃.I, was:

% C H N O I Calculated 50.01 5.52 6.14 10.52 27.81 Found 49.08 5.71 5.9311.07 28.21

Preparation Example 2 Synthesis of4-{3-[(3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iumMethosulphate

5.6 g of methyl iodide were added dropwise at 60° C. to a solution of12.6 g of 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amide (RN 10155-47-2) in 60 ml of chlorobenzene.After 45 minutes at 60° C., the suspension was cooled and then separatedby settling. The white solid obtained was ground, reslurried inpetroleum ether, filtered off on a sinter funnel, spin-filtered and thenwashed with 20 ml of chlorobenzene and then with 20 ml of petroleumether. The precipitate was dried under vacuum.

16.6 g of a white solid of4-{3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iummethosulphate were obtained in a yield of 94.4%, melting at atemperature above 260° C. (Kofler) and the elemental analysis of which,calculated for C₁₉H₂₅N₂O₃.CH₃O₄S, was:

% C H N O S Calculated 54.53 6.41 6.36 25.42 7.28 Found 53.78 6.59 5.9525.64 8.04

DYEING EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 4 of Dyeing in an Alkaline Medium

The dye compositions below were prepared (contents in grams):

EXAMPLE 1 2 3 4 4-{3-[(3-Hydroxynaphthalene- 1.37  1.37  1.37  1.37 2-carbonyl)amino]propyl}-4- methylmorpholin-4-ium iodide (compound offormula (I)) para-Phenylenediamine 0.540 — — — dihydrochloride(oxidation base) para-Tolylenediamine — 0.585 — — dihydrochloride(oxidation base) Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- — — 0.666 — 3,7-diaminedihydrochloride (oxidation base) N,N-Bis(hydroxyethyl)-para- — — — 0.807phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (coupler) Common dye support No. 1 (*)(*) (*) (*) Demineralized water qs 100 g 100 g 100 g 100 g (*) Commondye support No. 1: Benzyl alcohol  2.0 g Polyethylene glycol containing6 mol of  3.0 g ethylene oxide 96° ethanol  20.0 g(C₈-C₁₀)Alkylpolyglucoside as an aqueous  6.0 g solution containing 60%active material (A.M.), buffered with ammonium citrate, sold under thename Oramix CG 110 ® by the company SEPPIC Aqueous ammonia containing20% NH₃  10.0 g Sodium metabisulfite containing 35% active 0.228 gmaterial Pentasodium salt of diethylenetriamine-  1.1 g pentaacetic acid

At the time of use, each of the above dye compositions was mixed weightfor weight with a 20-volumes hydrogen peroxide solution of pH 3.

The mixture obtained was applied to locks of natural grey haircontaining 90% white hairs, for 30 minutes. The locks were then rinsed,washed with a standard shampoo, rinsed again and then dried.

The shades obtained are given in the table below:

EXAMPLE Dyeing pH Shade obtained 1 10 ± 0.2 Golden brown 2 10 ± 0.2Light golden 3 10 ± 0.2 Rosewood 4 10 ± 0.2 Pale golden-green

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition for oxidation dyeing keratin fibrescomprising, in a medium appropriate for dyeing: at least one coloringcompound chosen from oxidation bases and acid addition salts of saidoxidation bases, and at least one coupler chosen from compounds offormula (I) below and acid addition salts thereof:

 wherein: groups R₁, R₂ and R₃, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosenfrom groups of formulae (II), (III), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said linker D is bondedto the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L: 4) a=1, y=0, said linkerD is bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5)a=1, y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of whichis bonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom thatis bonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1, y=0 or 1, two of the groups R₆, R₇, andR₈ form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups arecommonly bonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and6-membered rings as defined above, and said linker D is bonded to acarbon atom of said at least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen frommonovalent anions and divalent anions; provided that said compounds offormula (I) comprise at least one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5- and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom.
 2. A composition according to claim 1, whereinsaid linker D comprises from 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
 3. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said linker D optionally comprises atleast one hetero atom chosen from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms. 4.A composition according to claim 1, wherein said X⁻ is chosen fromhalogen anions, hydroxide anions, hydrogen sulfate anions, andC₁-C₆alkyl sulfate anions.
 5. A composition according to claim 4,wherein said halogen anions are chosen from chloride, bromide, fluorideand iodide.
 6. A composition according to claim 4, wherein saidC₁-C₆alkyl sulfate anions are chosen from methyl sulfate anions andethyl sulfate anions.
 7. A composition according to claim 1, whereinsaid groups Z of formula (II) are rings chosen from pyrrole, imidazole,pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole and triazole rings.
 8. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said compounds of formula (I) comprise atleast one group of formula (II) chosen from pyrrole rings, imidazolerings, pyrazole rings, oxazole rings, thiazole rings and triazole rings.9. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said groups Z of formula(III) are rings chosen from pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, oxazine andtriazine rings.
 10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein saidcompounds of formula (I) comprise at least one group of formula (III)chosen from pyridine rings, pyrimidine rings, pyrazine rings, oxazinerings and triazine rings.
 11. A composition according to claim 1,wherein two of said groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ form, together with thenitrogen cation to which said groups are commonly bonded, at least onering chosen from pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine and morpholinerings.
 12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said at least onecoupler is chosen from:4-{3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]-propyl}-4-methylmorpholin-4-iumiodide;4-{3-[(3-hyroxy-naphthalene-2-carbonyl)amino]-propyl}-4-methylmorholin-4-iummethosulphate and acid addition salts thereof.
 13. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said at least one coupler is present in anamount ranging from 0.0005% to 12% by weight relative to the totalweight of the dye composition.
 14. A composition according to claim 13,wherein said at least one coupler is present in an amount ranging from0.005% to 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the dyecomposition.
 15. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said atleast one coloring compound is chosen from oxidation bases chosen frompara-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols,ortho-aminophenols, heterocyclic bases, and acid addition salts of saidoxidation bases.
 16. A composition according to claim 15, wherein saidpara-phenylenediamines are chosen from para-phenylenediamine,para-tolylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine,2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-ethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine andN-(β-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, and acid addition saltsthereof.
 17. A composition according to claim 15, wherein saidpara-phenylenediamines are chosen from para-phenylenediamine,para-tolylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, and acid addition saltsthereof.
 18. A composition according to claim 15, wherein saidbis(phenyl)alkylenediamines are chosen fromN,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylene diamine,N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylene diamine and1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane, and acid addition saltsthereof.
 19. A composition according to claim 15, wherein saidpara-aminophenols are chosen from para-aminophenol,4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol,4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol,4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenoland 4-amino-2-fluorophenol, and acid addition salts thereof.
 20. Acomposition according to claim 15, wherein said ortho-aminophenols arechosen from 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol,2-amino-6-methylphenol and 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and acid additionsalts thereof.
 21. A composition according to claim 15, wherein saidheterocyclic bases are chosen from pyridine derivatives, pyrimidinederivatives, pyrazole derivatives, and acid addition salts thereof. 22.A composition according to claim 21, wherein said pyridine derivativesare chosen from 2,5-diaminopyridine,2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine, 2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine,2-(β-methoxyethyl)amino-3-amino-6-methoxypyridine and3,4-diaminopyridine, and acid addition salts thereof.
 23. A compositionaccording to claim 21, wherein said pyrimidine derivatives are chosenfrom 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine,2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidineand 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives, and acidaddition salts thereof.
 24. A composition according to claim 23, whereinsaid pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives are chosen frompyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol;3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ol;2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamino)ethanol,2-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylamino)ethanol,2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol,2-[(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol,5,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine,2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine,2,5,N7,N7-tetramethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine, and acidaddition salts thereof, the tautomeric forms of the foregoing, when atautomeric equilibrium exists, and and acid addition salts thereof. 25.A composition according to claim 21, wherein said pyrazole derivativesare chosen from 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole,4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole,1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-3-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole,3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole,3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole and3,5-diamino-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, and acid additionsalts thereof.
 26. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said atleast one coloring compound is chosen from para-phenylenediamines andheterocyclic oxidation bases.
 27. A composition according to claim 26,wherein said at least one coloring compound is chosen frompara-phenylenediamines.
 28. A composition according to claim 26, whereinsaid at least one coloring compound is chosen from heterocyclicoxidation bases.
 29. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said atleast one coloring compound is present in an amount ranging from 0.0005%to 12% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition.30. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition fordyeing keratin fibers further comprises at least one additional coupler.31. A composition according to claim 30, wherein said at least oneadditional coupler is chosen from meta-phenylenediamines,meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, heterocyclic couplers, direct dyesand acid addition salts thereof.
 32. A composition according to claim31, wherein said heterocyclic couplers are chosen from indolederivatives, indolene derivatives, pyridine derivatives and pyrazolones,and acid addition salts thereof.
 33. A composition according to claim31, wherein said heterocyclic couplers are chosen from2-methyl-5-aminophenol, 5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol,3-aminophenol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene,4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene,2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene,1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, sesamol, α-naphthol,6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N-methylindole,6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine,1H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one and 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, and acidaddition salts thereof.
 34. A composition according to claim 30, whereinsaid at least one additional coupler is present in an amount rangingfrom 0.0001 % to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dyecomposition.
 35. A composition according to claim 34, wherein said atleast one additional coupler is present in an amount ranging from 0.005%to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition. 36.A composition according to claim 1, wherein said acid addition salts arechosen from hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, citrates,succinates, tartrates, lactates and acetates.
 37. A compositionaccording to claim 15, wherein said acid addition salts are chosen fromhydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, citrates, succinates,tartrates, lactates and acetates.
 38. A composition according to claim31, wherein said acid addition salts are chosen from hydrochlorides,hydrobromides, sulfates, citrates, succinates, tartrates, lactates andacetates.
 39. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said mediumappropriate for dyeing is a media chosen from media comprising water andmedia comprising water and at least one organic solvent.
 40. Acomposition according to claim 39, wherein said at least one organicsolvent is chosen from C₁-C₄alkanols, glycerol, glycols, glycol ethers,and aromatic alcohols.
 41. A composition according to claim 40, whereinsaid C₁-C₄alkanols are chosen from ethanol and isopropanol.
 42. Acomposition according to claim 40, wherein said glycol ethers are chosenfrom 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethylether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monomethyl ether.
 43. Acomposition according to claim 40, wherein said aromatic alcohols arechosen from benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol.
 44. A compositionaccording to claim 39, wherein said at least one organic solvent ispresent in an amount ranging from 1% to 40% by weight relative to thetotal weight of the dye composition.
 45. A composition according toclaim 44, wherein said at least one organic solvent is present in anamount ranging from 5% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight ofthe dye composition.
 46. A composition according to claim 1, whereinsaid composition for dyeing keratin fibers has a pH ranging from 3 to12.
 47. A composition according to claim 46, wherein said compositionfor dyeing keratin fibers has a pH ranging from 5 to
 11. 48. Acomposition according to claim 46 further comprising at least one agentfor adjusting said pH chosen from acidifying agents and basifyingagents.
 49. A composition according to claim 48, wherein said acidifyingagents are chosen from inorganic acids and organic acids.
 50. Acomposition according to claim 49, wherein said inorganic and organicacids are chosen from hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulfuricacid, carboxylic acids, and sulfonic acids.
 51. A composition accordingto claim 50, wherein said carboxylic acids are chosen from acetic acid,tartaric acid, citric acid and lactic acid.
 52. A composition accordingto claim 48, wherein said basifying agents are chosen from aqueousammonia, alkaline carbonates, alkanolamines, sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide and compounds of formula (V):

wherein: W is a propylene residue chosen from unsubstituted propyleneresidues and propylene residues substituted with a group chosen from ahydroxyl group and C₁-C₆alkyl groups; R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which maybe identical or different, are each units chosen from a hydrogen atom,C₁-C₆alkyl groups, and C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl groups.
 53. A compositionaccording to claim 52, wherein said alkanolamines are chosen from mono-,di- and triethanolamine and derivatives thereof.
 54. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said composition for dyeing keratin fiberscomprises at least one adjuvant.
 55. A composition according to claim54, wherein said at least one adjuvant is chosen from anionic, cationic,nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants, anionic, cationic,nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic polymers, inorganic and organicthickeners, antioxidants, penetration agents, sequestering agents,fragrances, buffers, dispersing agents, packaging agents, film-formingagents, ceramides, preserving agents and opacifiers.
 56. A compositionaccording to claim 55, wherein said packaging agents are chosen fromvolatile and nonvolatile, modified and unmodified silicones.
 57. Aliquid, a cream, or a gel for dyeing keratin fibers comprising, in amedium appropriate for dyeing: at least one coloring compound chosenfrom oxidation bases and acid addition salts of said oxidation bases,and at least one coupler chosen from compounds of formula (I) below andacid addition salts thereof:

 wherein: groups R₁, R₂ and R₃, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosenfrom groups of formulae (II), (II), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said inker D s bonded tothe nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L; 4) a=1, y=0, said linker Dis bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5) a=1,y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of which isbonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that isbonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1, y=0 or 1, two of the groups R₆, R₇, andR₈ form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups arecommonly bonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and6-membered rings as defined above, and said linker D is bonded to acarbon atom of said at least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen frommonovalent anions and divalent anions; provided that said compounds offormula (I) comprise at least one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom.
 58. A composition according to claim 57,wherein said keratin fibers are human hair.
 59. A process for oxidationdyeing keratin fibers comprising (A) applying to said keratin fibers atleast one dyeing composition comprising, in a medium appropriate fordyeing: at least one coloring compound chosen from oxidation bases andacid addition salts of said oxidation bases, and at least one couplerchosen from compounds of formula (I) below and acid addition saltsthereof:

 wherein: groups R₁, R₂ and R₃, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosenfrom groups of formulae (II), (III), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said linker D is bondedto the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L 4) a=1, y=0, said linkerD is bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5)a=1, y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of whichis bonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom thatis bonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1, y=0 or 1, two of the groups R₆, R₇, andR₈ form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups arecommonly bonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and6-membered rings as defined above, and said linker D is bonded to acarbon atom of said at least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen frommonovalent anions and divalent anions; provided that said compounds offormula (I) comprise at least one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5- and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom; and (B) developing a color with at least oneoxidizing agent, wherein said oxidizing agent is combined at the time ofuse with said at least one dyeing composition or said at least oneoxidizing agent is applied simultaneously with or sequentially to saidat least one dyeing composition.
 60. A composition according to claim59, wherein said keratin fibers are human hair.
 61. A process accordingto claim 59, wherein said at least one oxidizing agent is chosen fromhydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts, andenzymes.
 62. A process according to claim 61, wherein said persalts arechosen from perborates and persulfates.
 63. A process according to claim61, wherein said enzymes are chosen from peroxidases, laccases,tyrosinases and oxidoreductases.
 64. A process according to claim 63,wherein said oxidoreductases are chosen from pyranose oxidases, glucoseoxidases, glycerol oxidases, lactate oxidases, pyruvate oxidases anduricases.
 65. A process for oxidation dyeing keratin fibers comprising(A) applying to said keratin fibers at least one dyeing compositioncomprising, in a medium appropriate for dyeing: at least one coloringcompound chosen from oxidation bases and acid addition salts of saidoxidation bases, and at least one coupler chosen from compounds offormula (I) below and acid addition salts thereof:

 wherein: groups R₁, R₂ and R₃, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosenfrom groups of formulae (II), (III), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆ alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkylgroups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said linker D is bondedto the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L; 4) a=1, y=0, said linkerD is bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5)a=1, y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of whichis bonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom thatis bonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1, y=0 or 1, two of the groups R₆, R₇, andR₈ form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups arecommonly bonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and6-membered rings as defined above, and said linker D is bonded to acarbon atom of said at least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen frommonovalent anions and divalent anions; provided that said compounds offormula (I) comprise at least one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-Cr)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5- and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom; and (B) developing a color with at least oneoxidizing agent present in an amount sufficient to develop a color,wherein said at least one oxidizing agent is combined at the time of usewith said at least one dyeing composition, (C) leaving said combinationto act for a time ranging from 3 to 50 minutes, and (D) rinsing saidkeratinous fibers, shampooing said keratinous fibers after saidshampooing, and drying said keratinous fibers.
 66. A process accordingto claim 65, wherein said keratin fibers are human hair.
 67. A processaccording to claim 65, wherein said at least one oxidizing agent ischosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates,persalts, and enzymes.
 68. A process according to claim 67, wherein saidpersalts are chosen from perborates and persulfates.
 69. A processaccording to claim 67, wherein said enzymes are chosen from peroxidases,laccases, tyrosinases, and oxidoreductases.
 70. A process according toclaim 69, wherein said oxidoreductases are chosen from pyranoseoxidases, glucose oxidases, glycerol oxidases, lactate oxidases,pyruvate oxidases and uricases.
 71. A kit comprising two compartments,wherein: (a) a first compartment comprises at least one dyeingcomposition comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing: at least onecoloring compound chosen from oxidation bases and acid addition salts ofsaid oxidation bases, and at least one coupler chosen from compounds offormula (I) below and acid addition salts thereof:

 wherein: groups R₁, R₂ and R₃, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosenfrom groups of formulae (II), (III), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl group, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said linker D is bondedto the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L; 4) a=1, y=0, said linkerD is bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5)a=1, y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of whichis bonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom thatis bonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1, y=0 or 1, two of the groups R6, R₇, andR₈ form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups arecommonly bonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and6-membered rings as defined above, and said linker D is bonded to acarbon atom of said at least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen frommonovalent anions and divalent anions; provided that said compounds offormula (I) comprise at least one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5- and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from:(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom; and (b) a second compartment comprises atleast one oxidizing agent.
 72. A compound of formula (I′) or an acidaddition salt thereof:

wherein: R′₁, R′₂ and R′₃, which may be identical or different, are eachchosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosen fromgroups of formulae (II), (III), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said linker D is bondedto the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L; 4) a=1, y=0, said linkerD is bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5)a=1, y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of whichis bonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom thatis bonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1,y=0 or 1, two of the groups R₆, R₇, and R₈form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups are commonlybonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered ringsas defined above, and said linker D is bonded to a carbon atom of saidat least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen from monovalent anions anddivalent anions; provided that said compounds of formula (I) comprise atleast one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5- and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom; and provided that when two of R′₁, R′₂, andR′₃ simultaneously are a hydrogen atom, and when the other group R′₁,R′₂, and R′₃ is a group comprising a functional group chosen from amidoand carboxyl functional groups, then said amido and carboxyl functionalgroup is not directly bonded to the naphthol ring system; and furtherexcluding: 6-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-naphthalenemethanaminiumchloride; and [(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methyl]trimethylammonium iodide.73. A process for dyeing keratin fibers comprising applying to saidkeratin fibers at least one coupler chosen from compounds of formula(I′) and acid addition salts thereof:

wherein: R′₁, R′₂ and R′₃, which may be identical or different, are eachchosen from: (1) a hydrogen and a halogen atom; (2) groups Z chosen fromgroups of formulae (II), (III), and (IV):

 wherein: linker D is chosen from linear and branched divalent alkylenegroups, optionally comprising at least one hetero atom, and optionallysubstituted with at least one group chosen from hydroxyl groups andC₁-C₆alkoxy groups, and optionally comprising at least one ketonefunctional group; E, G, J, L and M, which may be identical or different,are each an atom chosen from carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; n isan integer ranging from 0 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R,which may be identical or different, are each chosen from: groups Z, asdefined above; a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitrogroups, cyano groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, thio groups,C₁-C₆thioalkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionallyprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups, groups NHR² andNR²R′″ in which R² and R′″, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups andC₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups; R₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, benzyl groups, and groups Z, asdefined above; R₆, R₇ and R₈, which may be identical or different, areeach chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups, C₁-C₆amidoalkylgroups, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkylgroups, wherein the amine is protected with at least one group chosenfrom (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonylgroups; two of the groups R₆, R₇ and R₈ can together also form, with thenitrogen atom to which said two groups are commonly bonded, at least onesaturated ring chosen from 5- and 6-membered carbon-based ringscomprising at least one hetero atom, it being possible for said at leastone ring to be substituted with at least one unit chosen from halogenatoms, hydroxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, nitro groups, cyano groups,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkoxy groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, amido groups, aldehydo groups,carboxyl groups, keto(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, thio groups, C₁-C₆thioalkylgroups, C₁-C₆alkylthio groups, amino groups optionally protected with atleast one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groupsand C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z, as defined above; R₉ is agroup chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups, benzyl groups,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the amine isprotected with at least one group chosen from (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, carbamyl groups and C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups,tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilane(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆sulfonamidoalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylketo(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, and N—(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonamido(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups; a and y, whichmay be identical or different, are each chosen from 0 and 1, providedthat: in said groups of formula (II) at least one of the followingapplies: 1) a=0, y=0, and said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atomthat is bonded to E and L; 2) a=0, y=1, E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms,and said linker D and R₅ are bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bondedto E and L; 3) a=0, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, andL is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded, and said linker D is bondedto the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L; 4) a=1, y=0, said linkerD is bonded to one of said ring members chosen from E, G, J and L; 5)a=1, y=1, said ring members E, G, J, and L are carbon atoms one of whichis bonded to said linker D, and R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom thatis bonded to E and L; and 6) a=1, y=1, said linker D is bonded to one ofsaid ring members chosen from E, G, J and L, and at least one of saidring members E, G, J, and L is a nitrogen atom to which R₅ is bonded; insaid groups of formula (III) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded toE and M; 2) a=0, y=1, said linker D and said R₅ are bonded to thenitrogen atom that is bonded to E and L, and at least one of said ringmembers E, G, J, L, and M is chosen from divalent atoms; 3) a=1, y=0,said linker D is bonded to a said ring member chosen from E, G, J, L,and M; 4) a=1, y=1, at least one of said ring members E, G, J, L, and Mis chosen from divalent atoms one of which is bonded to said linker D,and said R₅ is bonded to the nitrogen atom that is bonded to E and M; insaid groups of formula (IV) at least one of the following applies: 1)a=0, y=0 or 1, said linker D is bonded to the nitrogen that is bonded togroups R₆, R₇, and R₈; 2) a=1, y=0 or 1, two of the groups R₆, R₇, andR₈ form, together with the nitrogen atom to which said groups arecommonly bonded, at least one saturated ring chosen from 5- and6-membered rings as defined above, and said linker D is bonded to acarbon atom of said at least one saturated ring; X⁻ is chosen frommonovalent anions and divalent anions; provided that said compounds offormula (I) comprise at least one group Z; (3) (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carboxylgroups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkyl groups, and cyanogroups, wherein Z is defined above; (4) groups —OR₄ and groups —SR₄,wherein said R₄ are chosen from: C₁-C₆alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, and C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, groups Zas defined above, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, aryl groups, benzylgroups, carboxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxy(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, carbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆trifluoroalkylgroups, C₁-C₆aminosulfonylalkyl groups, C₁-C₆N—Z-aminosulfonylalkylgroups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, whereinthe alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein said alkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group and, wherein said amine issubstituted with one or two groups, which may be identical or different,each chosen from C₁-C₆alkyl groups, C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups,C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, formylgroups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups andC₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups and groups Z as defined above, and, when saidamine is substituted with two groups, said two groups may optionallyform, together with the nitrogen atom to which said two groups arecommonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5- and 6-memberedcarbon-based rings and rings comprising at least one hetero atom; (5)amino groups protected with at least one group chosen from(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups,trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—Z-amino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N—(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxylgroups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups,N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl groups,aminosulfonyl groups, N—Z-aminosulfonyl groups,C₁-C₆N-alkylaminosulfonyl groups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylaminosulfonylgroups, thiocarbamyl groups, formyl groups, and groups Z as definedabove wherein said linker D in said groups Z comprises at least oneketone functional group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of saidamino group; (6) C₁-C₆aminoalkyl groups, wherein the alkyl is optionallysubstituted with at least one hydroxyl group; (7) amino(C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with at least onehydroxyl group and wherein said amino is substituted with one or twogroups, which may be identical or different, chosen from alkyl groups,C₁-C₆monohydroxyalkyl groups, C₂-C₆polyhydroxyalkyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups, carbamyl groups, N—(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamylgroups, N,N-di(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbamyl groups, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl groups,formyl groups, trifluoro(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl groups,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarboxyl groups, thiocarbamyl groups, and said groups Z asdefined above, and, when said amino is substituted with two groups, saidtwo groups may optionally form, together with the nitrogen atom to whichsaid two groups are commonly bonded, at least one ring chosen from 5-and 6-membered carbon-based ring and 5- and 6-membered rings comprisingat least one hetero atom; and provided that when two of R′₁, R′₂, andR′₃ simultaneously are a hydrogen atom, and when the other group R′₁,R′₂, and R′₃ is a group comprising a functional group chosen from amidoand carboxyl functional groups, then said amido and carboxyl functionalgroup is not directly bonded to the naphthol ring system; and furtherexcluding: 6-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-naphthalenemethanaminiumchloride; and [(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methyl]trimethylammonium iodide.